Sound Design | An Introduction

 "Sound and sound design has always been very important to my approach to film, because it is a more subversive and allusive aspect of the medium." - Larry Fessenden.

Sound Designer Yang Baik:

  • Mampu menganalisis potensi masalah di lokasi dan mencari solusinya.
  • Memahami peralatan dan teknik merekam audio.
  • Memahami fungsi dan cara menggunakan plug-ins.
  • Mengetahui standar industri dan cara mengakalinya (hacks).

Permasalahan Utama Sound

  • Gema (indoor)
  • Noise (indoor/outdoor)

Kualitas direct recording dipengaruhi oleh:

  • Lokasi syuting.
  • Peralatan.
  • Keterampilan: analisis dan kerja lapangan.

Hack:

  • Boom + noise suppressor + recorder H4N/H6N.
  • Noise Suppressor: Alat pendukung agar suara boom mic tidak hancur.
  • Foley: meniru semua suara lokasi di studio rekaman (ambience dan SFX).
  • ADR (automated dialogue replacement/dubbing): perekaman ulang audio di luar set untuk menggantikan audio yang ditangkap di set.

ADR dilakukan di Dead Room: ruangan kedap suara yang tidak menimbulkan noise/gema, seperti studio, mobil, lemari, ikea box.

Audio Post Production

  • Recording: recordist / recording engineer.
  • Editing / Sync: audio editor.
  • Foley: foley artist.
  • Music: music composer.
  • Mixing: mixing engineer.

Hardware:

  • Portable Recorder: Zoom H4N/H6N, Tascam DR-40, dll.
  • Soundcard: dipakai untuk dubbing di ruangan kecil, tetapi juga bergantung pada treatment (penataan ruangan dan setup mic).

(Sumber: www.wirerealm.com & www.bliaudio.com)

Software:

  • Avid Pro Tools.
  • Cubase.
  • Studio One.
  • Logic Pro.
  • FL Studio.
  • Adobe Audition.

Cara Membaca Audio: dengan analyzer/indicator.

  • Level/gain/volume (decibel/dB): compressor & limiter.
  • Frequency (hertz/Hz): equalizer.

(Sumber: tracktion.com)

Equalizer: alat mengatur frekuensi (Hz) / tebal-tipis suara (plug in dan analog).

Low (bass) – Mid – High (treble).

Contoh:

  • Manusia: 20Hz – 20 kHz
  • Noise: 4 kHz – 60kHz
  • Bass: 20 Hz – 1 kHz
  • Cymbal: 15 – 20 kHz

Typical Noise Problem:

  • Echo/reverb dari ruangan.
  • Noise
  • Crowd/keramaian.
  • Ambience (suara latar).
  • Suara listrik (dari lampu).

Solution:

  • ANR-B noise compressor.
  • HP + clip on (cable/wireless).
  • Portable recorder; H4N, H6N, dsb.
  • Mic + soundcard + laptop/tablet.

Lokasi > Equipment

  • Studio/dead/isolation room: record room terpisah dari control room/ruang komputer.
  • DIY studio: untuk mengurangi echo dan noise, bisa beli/DIY, menutup bagian samping (kanan, kiri, depan), bagian belakang sudah tertutup manusia.

*Suara: kalau ketutup sesuatu yang empuk pasti tidak mantul.

(Sumber: producerspot.com)

Cara Membaca Audio:

  • Warna
    • Merah: clipping/over.
    • Kuning: headroom.
    • Hijau: batas aman.

  • Gambar (wave)
  • Level meter (fader port): angka

Konversi/Mastering

  • Batas maksimal perekaman: -6dB
  • Tugas audio post-production: merubah -6dB -> 0 dB
  • Suara yang bisa direspon speaker internal (laptop, hp, dll): 0 dB

Alat rekam terdiri dari:

  • Analog
  • Digital

(Sumber: linuxaudio.github.io)

ASDR (dinamika):

  • Attack: max.
  • Sustain: min.
  • Delay: turun.
  • Release: habis.

Limiter Master Fader: menambah gain/volume (mastering) dan menahan agar tidak clipping.

(Sumber: ask.audio)

Compressor: alat untuk mengatur ASDR (meratakan gelombang suara yang tidak rata).

  • No Compression: suara teriak = terdengar teriak.
  • Heavy Compression: suara teriak sedikit turun sehingga jaraknya tidak esktrim dengan suara berbisik.
  • Hard Limiting/Portal: suara berbisik = suara teriak.

Waves Post-Production: untuk melakukan noise reduction di tahap post-production tanpa merusak audio seperti pada software premiere pro.

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